Biomes

According to Wikipedia, biomes are climatically and geographically defined as similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, and are often referred to as ecosystems.

Biome types

v5, v7, valleys, flat, fractal

Name and Features	Description	Images
Plains Stone, Sandstone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Grass, Flower, Bush Leaves, Bush Stem	Plains are a quite flat biome. Large amounts of Dirt nodes and Dirt with Grass blocks, on which flowers, Grass and bushes may appear naturally in this area. The underground is either made of stone or sandstone.	Plains biome, as of 0.4.13
Deciduous forest Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Tree, Leaves, Aspen Tree, Aspen Leaves, Apple, Red Mushroom, Brown Mushroom	Deciduous forests are one of the most common biomes in Minetest and form in temperate zones. Trees, apple trees and aspen trees grow here naturally. Generally forests can spawn lakes, ponds, and rivers inside of it. Deciduous forests usually surround plains.	A forest with regular and aspen trees in 0.4.15
Coniferous forest Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Pine Tree, Pine Needles, Grass, Flower, Red Mushroom, Brown Mushroom	Coniferous forests grow in colder areas and are filled with pine trees. Pine tree forests can also be covered with snow in cold regions.	A pine tree forest in 0.4.13.
Desert Desert Stone, Desert Sand, Cactus, Dry Shrub	Deserts contain large amounts of desert sand and desert stone. Cacti and dry shrubs also spawn here naturally in clusters on desert sand. Deserts spawn underground rivers and lakes which can be over 200 blocks deep.	Desert Biome, as of 0.4.7
Savannah Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Dry Grass, Acacia Tree, Acacia Leaves, Dry Grass, Acacia Bush Leaves, Acacia Bush Stem	The savannah is a dry land which is not a desert, it is populated with acacia trees and dry grass.	A savannah in 0.4.13
Jungle Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Jungle Grass, Jungle Tree, Jungle Leaves, Brown Mushroom	Jungles contains large trees which grow thickly packed together. Jungle Grass and Jungle Trees bearing Jungle Leaves spawn here naturally. On fallen jungle tree logs, brown mushrooms may appear rarely.	Jungle biome as of 0.4.7
Snow Stone, Dirt, Snow Block, Snow, Dirt with Snow, Pine Tree, Pine Needles, Dry Shrub, Brown Mushroom, Red Mushroom, Bush Leaves, Bush Stem	Snow biomes are areas covered by snow. They are sometimes populated with pine tree forests or snow-covered bushes. In pine tree forests, mushrooms may appear rarely on fallen pine tree logs.	Snow biome, as of 0.4.13 Pine trees in a snowy region, as of 0.4.13
Cold desert Stone, Silver Sand, Dry Shrub	Cold deserts are large barren areas covered by large amounts of silver sand which form in cold and dry areas.
Glacier Ice, Snow Block	Glaciers form only in the coldest regions and are made of large amounts of ice, covered by a layer of snow blocks. Glacier biomes can be either mountain-like as in the screenshot or very flat. Glaciers can also border large parts of oceans. Because of the extreme conditions, no vegetation can be found here.	A large glacier formation, bordered by a regular snow biome, as of 0.4.13.

v6

The v6 map generator has a fixed set of biomes which can't be changed by mods. This map generator has similar biomes than above, but there are a couple of differences.

Name and Features	Description	Images
Plains Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Grass, Flower	Plains are a quite flat biome. Large amounts of Dirt nodes and Dirt with Grass blocks, on which flowers and Grass may appear naturally (since 0.4.7). There are no bushes. The underground is made of stone.	Plains biome, as of 0.4.13
Forest Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Tree, Leaves, Apple, Red Mushroom, Brown Mushroom	Forests are one of the most common biomes in v6 and form in temperate zones. Trees and apple trees grow here naturally, but no aspen trees. Forests usually surround plains. There are no fallen tree logs either.	A forest of regular trees before 0.4.7
Desert Desert Stone, Desert Sand, Cactus, Dry Shrub	Deserts contain large amounts of desert sand and desert stone. Cacti and dry shrubs also spawn here naturally in clusters on desert sand. Deserts spawn underground rivers and lakes which can be over 200 blocks deep. Cacti in	Desert Biome, as of 0.4.7
Jungle Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass, Jungle Grass, Jungle Tree, Jungle Leaves, Brown Mushroom	Jungles contains large trees which grow thickly packed together. Jungle Grass and Jungle Trees bearing Jungle Leaves spawn here naturally. Jungles in v6 are almost identical to the jungles in the other map generators, but there are no fallen tree logs or swamps.	Jungle biome as of 0.4.7
Snow Stone, Dirt, Snow Block, Dirt with Snow, Snow, Ice, Pine Tree, Pine Needles, Dry Shrub	Snow biomes can cover land and water. On land, the surface is covered with snow with some pine tree forests. On water, large ice sheets form.	Pine trees in a snowy region, as of 0.4.13 Snow biomes form ice sheets on oceans (0.4.15)
Gravel Gravel, Stone	Very rarely, notably large areas of gravel can appear at surface level. These areas consist of nothing but gravel. This biome is unique to v6.	A gravel biome, as of 0.4.7

Technical biomes (mgv6)

Name and Features	Description	Images
Mountain Blocks are similar to those of deciduous forest, coniferous forest and plains	Mountains are the most treacherous to scale. Trees and apple trees spawn here naturally. It is quite easy to be killed in a mountain biome if you don't pay attention to where you are going.	Mountain Biome, before 0.4.7
Ocean Water, Stone, Sand, Gravel	Oceans are an unofficial biome that seemed to be implemented around 0.2.20110731_1 Pre-Alpha. This biome is just a large body of water that can be up to 250 blocks deep. Oceans are commonly referred to as lakes, but are called oceans because they can be so huge, sometimes even 200-350 blocks across.	A large ocean at a beach, as of 0.4.7
Island Sand, Water	Not classifiable as a biome, but still frequent enough to be classified as a technical biome, islands occur many times in oceans. These could even be referred to as a sub-biome, being a product of another biome. Islands usually raise out of the ground 3-10 blocks, but can get as large as 40-80 blocks tall.	A small island, as of 0.4.7
Plateau Stone, Dirt, Dirt with Grass	A giant structure that seems to only happen in 0.4, plateaus are very common around mountain biomes. Plateaus can even float above ground and generate miniature biomes on top of it.	A plateau, as of 0.4.7
Water caves Stone, Water	Water caves are caves that only occur at sea level, which turn into a huge underground river or lake. These caves can lead thousands of blocks down and are extremely easily to get lost in.	A water cave, as of 0.4.7
Lava lakes Stone, Lava, Ores	Fairly common below -95Y, these lakes are caverns flooded with lava. Ores are extremely common around these lakes (see screenshot). However, often these caverns are not linked to, and it is very difficult to reach them.	A lava lake, as of 0.4.7
Dungeons Cobblestone, Mossy Cobblestone, Stair	Dungeons are hollow underground structures made of Cobblestone and Mossy Cobblestone. Many pathways and cobblestone Stairs connect a complex system of rooms. In 0.4.7, dungeons are not activated by default. “dungeons” has to be added to the variable mg_flags into the minetest.conf to cause the map generator to generate dungeons.	Dungeon, as of 0.4.7
Desert dungeons Desert Stone, Sandstone Brick	Desert dungeons are similar to dungeons, but they usually appear below desert biomes and have larger rooms and longer stairways. They are either made out of desert stone or sandstone brick.	Desert dungeon with desert stone, as of 0.4.13 Desert dungeon with sandstone brick, as of 0.4.13

History

The first biome; "Chaos" biome

An undefinable biome (0.0.1)

Plains biome, before 0.4.3

Before Minetest had version numbers, biomes were undefinable and only consisted of 4 materials: grass, stone, light and "water" (as seen below.) When 0.0.1 came out it brought actual biomes to the table, but before 0.2.20110529 Pre-Alpha map generation was a bit of a mess. Biomes would cross into each other, and were generally undefinable. So far 0.4 Dev has the most stable biome generation.

For more detail on the evolution of the map generator see the Map Generator Evolution page.